Combination of cafeteria diet with intraperitoneally streptozotocin in rats. A type-2 diabetes model

ABSTRACT Purpose To develop a model of induction of type-2 diabetes (DM2) by combining low doses of streptozotocin (STZ) and a cafeteria diet. Methods Forty male Wistar rats (200 g) were allocated into four groups: control (non-diabetic, n = 10); STZ 30 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10); STZ 35 mg/kg (diabetic,n = 10); and STZ 40 mg/kg (diabetic, n = 10). DM2 was induced with a single intraperitoneal injection of STZ after four weeks of cafeteria diet in the three diabetic groups. All animals were evaluated as for anthropometric, and biochemical analyses, as well as liver, kidney and pancreas histological analyses. Results Lower weight gain, higher water intake, higher Lee index, hyperglycemia and modified total protein, urea, alpha-amylase, as well as insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, pancreas, and kidney injury were observed in animals treated with 35 and 40 mg/kg of STZ. Conclusions The results show that the experimental model using cafeteria diet associated with 35 mg/kg of STZ is a low-cost model and efficient in order to develop DM2, confirmed by the presence of polydipsia, hyperglycemia, altered biochemical tests, insulin resistance and damages to the liver, pancreas and kidney, which is similar to the disease found in humans.

Walker-256 Tumor: Experimental Model, Implantation Sites and Number of Cells for Ascitic and Solid Tumor Development

Abstract The Walker-256 tumor is an important experimental model that allow the development of therapies as the biological behavior of this tumor is similar that occur in humans. In front of the above considerations, the aim of this study was to describe the experimental model of Walker-256 tumor, identify the implantations sites as well as define a usual quantity of tumoral cells to induce the ascitic and solid tumor, according to the specialized literature. Were selected 45 articles using the keyword "Walker-256 tumor", free available. Were possible to observe that 58% (n=26) of the studies inoculate the tumor cells in the animals flank 33% (n = 15) in the tibia bone, 7% (n = 3) in the femur and 2% (n = 1) in the paw. The major quantitates of cells used were 8 x 107 (20%), 1 x 105 (13%), 1 x 106 (11%) and 2 x 107 (11%). After that, the site commonly used to inoculate was the flank and quantitate still a controversy, being 1x105 and 8x107 the concentrations more used.

Tucum-do-Pantanal (Bactris setosa Mart): Physicochemical Characterization of Almonds, Press Cake and Crude Oil

Abstract Brazil has high diversity of native fruits with high nutritional and biochemical value. Bactris setosa Mart. (tucum-do-Pantanal) stands out by its oil-rich almond. This study aimed to determine the physicochemical characteristics of tucum-do-Pantanal almond and its by-products: press cake and crude oil. The almond of tucum-do-Pantanal had total weight of 0.81g, lager diameter 10.87mm, small diameter 8.21mm, height 12.50, weight of almond 0.38g, weight of endocarp 0.25g. In relation to the chemical analysis, the cake had higher ash, protein and carbohydrate contents than the almond. On the other hand, the content of moisture, lipids and calories were higher in the almond. The press cake showed 636.80 g kg-1 of total fiber. The fatty acids that predominated in tucum-do-Pantanal oil were lauric (58.48), myristic (12.59) and oleic (10.15%) acids. The oil of tucum-do-Pantanal had an acid index of 3.01 KOH / g, peroxide index of 4.84 meq / kg, saponification index of 140.91 mg KOH / oil g, iodine index of 3.72 gI2 / 100 g, refractive index of 1.46, density of 0.92 g / mL, water content of 493.11 ppm and oxidation stability of 32.01 h. The results suggest that tucum-do-Pantanal almond as an important source of oil, calories and fibers, with potential use in the food industry.